In the case of consistent consumption of alcoholic beverages in large amounts, the answer is yes, there will be a significant change in the smooth ER and peroxisomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum’s main function is to synthesize fatty acids and detoxify. The liver contains a large amount of smooth ER because this is where alcohol molecules are processed, if there is a large intake of alcoholic beverage, the smooth ER will increase its surface area to assists in detoxifying. The duration in the increased size of the smooth ER can range for a few days, of course that being said it still varies in the alcohol consumed. Peroxisomes are class of ubiquitous, single membrane bound organelles that oxidizes amino acids, fatty acids, and detoxifies harmful substance.
They are mostly found in the liver and kidney, to detoxify the ethanol molecule. Unlike the effects of alcohol on the smooth ER, the change in peroxisome happens in a gradual manner. De Craemer and Kerckaert (1996), suggest the changes in peroxisome in terms of swelling of the cells and what affects it cell proliferation. In their summary it was concluded that one of the causes of swelling peroxisome is found in alcoholic persons. In terms of peroxisome proliferation alcohol didn’t affect its amount, instead strong proliferation of peroxisome is documented to be a special case of persons with phenytoin hepatitis. Overall, the changes mostly occur in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, but the possibility of changes in the peroxisome is still in question due to the inconsistent reports in research.
De Craemer, D., Pauwels, M., & Van den Branden, C. (1996). Morphometric characteristics of human hepatocellular peroxisomes in alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 20(5), 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb05270.x