Answer the following questions:
-
Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
The process starts with vascular permeability or the vasodilation and release of mediators. Vascular permeability allows the flow of large proteins in the bloodstream during inflammation due to the inflammatory mediator activity. Vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels due to the blood vessel's muscular walls relaxing, improves blood flow to body parts deficient in oxygen or nutrients. Consequently, vasodilation increases blood flow, which explains the redness caused by physical trauma.
Second is the exudate production and Fibrinogen, Thromboplastin, and platelet formation. Exudate production causes swelling and increases lymphatic drainage while building fibrinogen, Thromboplastin, and platelet formation help in terms of blood clotting.
And last is tissue repair and regeneration. This phase involves the formation of new collagen fibers, which appear like a scar. Regeneration of tissue consists of restoring tissue components, while repair requires patching. Under this, damaged tissue caused by trauma is repaired or healed.
-
Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
As the name suggests, innate or nonspecific immunity is our defense mechanism since birth. This defense mechanism shields us against all antigens as this is the body's primary immunological and general defense mechanism against pathogens. Under this, includes the following barriers: physical, chemical, and cellular barriers. First, the physical barriers (e.g., skin, GI Tract, eyelashes) protect our bodies from invasion. Next is the chemical barrier, which is responsible for destroying different harmful agents such as stomach acids. And last is the cellular defense (e.g., neutrophils and macrophages), which identifies potentially harmful pathogens and takes time to neutralize and destroy the said pathogens.