Activity 1
Answer the following questions:
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Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
The purpose of the inflammatory response in the case of injury is to remove components of damaged tissue, allowing the body to begin healing. The first stage of this process is distinguished by a change in blood flow in the affected area. Blood vessels dilate and increase blood flow into the tissue over time, causing redness in the traumatized area. Following this, blood vessel permeability increases, allowing fluid, proteins, and white blood cells to migrate from the circulation to the site of tissue damage. Swelling is caused by a flood of fluids, cells, and other substances to the injured site. Additionally, it can be so severe that movement of the affected body part is restricted.
The work of white blood cells, particularly phagocytes, reduces swelling, heat, and redness in injured tissue areas. Phagocytes remove cellular debris left over from the injury. Neutrophil phagocytes contain digestive enzyme granules specialized for this process. Within an hour of injury, they typically infiltrate the injured site in large numbers. Other white cells known as monocytes enter the area one to two days later to finish the process of clearing away dead cells.
In most cases, an inflammatory response caused by an injury lasts only a few days. If the inflammation persists, it may become chronic, with persistent low-level swelling, prolonged tissue damage, and unusually slow healing.
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Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Innate immunity, also known as nonspecific immunity, is the defense system with which you were born. It shields you from all antigens. It consists of barriers that prevent harmful substances from entering your body. In the immune response, these barriers serve as the first line of defense. Cough reflexes, enzymes in tears and skin oils, mucus that traps bacteria and small particles, skin, and stomach acid are all examples of this type of immunity. Furthermore, it is also available in a protein chemical form known as innate humoral immunity, which is similar to the body's complement system, as well as substances known as interferon and interleukin-1 (which causes fever).
REFERENCES:
Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). How is inflammation involved in swelling? Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 17, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/story/how-is-inflammation-involved-in-swelling#:~:text=Swelling%2C%20heat%2C%20and%20redness%20in,enzymes%20specialized%20for%20this%20process
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Immune response: Medlineplus medical encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. Retrieved November 17, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000821.htm#:~:text=Innate%2C%20or%20nonspecific%2C%20immunity%20is,defense%20in%20the%20immune%20response