1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
The body’s usual response to injury is inflammation. In the first stage of this, redness, heat, swelling, and pain can be observed here. Redness and heat are caused by the increase in blood flow which is why vasodilation and an increase in the permeability of capillaries happen. Furthermore, due to the increase in permeability of blood vessels, edema occurs which allows more fluid to move from the blood plasma into the tissue spaces. While swelling is the result of the mobilization and transportation of cells into the injured area. Then, the damaged cells are removed and the body then begins to place new collagen in the area of injury which can cause pain. The second stage is the repair and regeneration process. New collagen is now being formed and a scar will be created due to this which can be easily disrupted when aggressive activities are done. During this stage, phagocytes travel to the injured area in order to destroy and battle invading microbes. After a while, these phagocytes die, creating a pile of dead cells and fluid which is called pus. Finally, the third stage is remodeling and maturation. In this stage, the tissue continues to remodel in order to be strengthened until it is fully healed.
Nationwide Children's. (n.d.). Swelling: The body’s reaction to injury. https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/sports-medicine/sports-medicine-articles/swelling-the-bodys-reaction-to-injury
Eng, C. (n.d.). The three stages of inflammation. https://www.treloarphysio.com/the-three-stages-of-inflamation/
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. H. (2017). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15th ed.). Wiley.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Innate immunity is a defense system that is present from the day we were born. It involves barriers which are the first line of defense in the immune response that protects us and keeps harmful bacteria such as pathogens from entering our bodies. The innate immunity’s response to defending our body from pathogens usually leads to inflammation.