Answer the following questions:
1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
Inflammation is a process by which our body’s leukocytes and the things they make protect us from infection from outside invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. Trauma always results in a local inflammatory reaction.
When our body’s cells and tissues get damaged, leukocytes in our body release substances during inflammation to defend our body from foreign intruders. As a result, the area of injury or illness receives increased blood flow. Warmth and redness may result from it. Some of the chemicals lead to swelling in our tissues by causing fluid to flow into them. This defense mechanism may irritate the nerves and hurt them. In addition, increased levels of WBCs and the substances they produce inside your joints over time irritate the joint lining, create swelling, and lead to cartilage loss (the cushioning at the ends of bones).
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Innate immunity, also known as nonspecific immunity, is the defense mechanism we were born with. We are shielded from all antigens by it. Barriers that prevent hazardous substances from entering our bodies are a part of innate immunity. Among the components of innate immunity are the first line of defense (physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes) and the second line of defense (antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever). Innate immune responses serve as the body's early warning system for immunity and are intended to stop microorganisms from entering the body and aid in their elimination once they do.
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Resources:
Tortora, G., & Derrickson, B. (2014). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 14th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Immune response: Medlineplus medical encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000821.htm#:~:text=Innate%2C%20or%20nonspecific%2C%20immunity%20is,defense%20in%20the%20immune%20response.
WebMD. (n.d.). Inflammation: Definition, diseases, types, and treatment. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/about-inflammation