1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
The nonspecific defensive response of the body to tissue damage is called inflammation, in which redness, pain, heat, and swelling are the four characteristic symptoms. This process happens in three basic stages. Namely, vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels; emigration of phagocytes into the interstitial fluid; and tissue repair.
The first stage is Vasodilation and Increased Blood Vessel Permeability. In this stage, arterioles are dilated and capillaries experience an increased permeability so that blood flow is increased and other substances can pass freely. Histamine, Kinins, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Complements also contribute to this primary response. These actions function to help remove microbial toxins and dead cells.
Next, phagocytes such as neutrophils arrive within an hour to phagocytize invaders. Neutrophils, after fighting, die off quickly and are backed up by wandering macrophages from monocytes who also phagocytize invaders and also engulf damaged tissue and worn-out neutrophils. Macrophages that eventually die off become pus along with damaged tissue cells and fluid.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body
Innate immunity, or the nonspecific immunity present at birth, has one general response against all microbes and does not involve specific recognition. This immunity includes our first lines of defense such as the physical and chemical barriers (skin and mucous membrane) and also the second line of defense which consists of antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever. This mechanism acts as our body's early warning system and is mostly designed for the prevention of the entrance of microbes and the elimination of those that get past.
REFERENCE/S:
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of anatomy and physiology (14th ed.). Wiley Custom Learning Solutions.