1. Distinguish between somatic and reproductive cell division and explain the importance of each.
Somatic cell division – All body cells, aside from the gametes, undergo somatic cell division. In this type of cell division, each cell divides into two identical cells. An important part of somatic cell division is the process of replication (duplication) of DNA sequences, as this ensures that the newly formed cell would have the same genetic material.
Somatic cell division is vital for the replacement of dying or injured cells. The addition of new cells with the same genetic makeup can also help tissue growth.
Reproductive cell division (Meiosis) – This cell division type is responsible for the production of gametes (sperm and oocytes). Unlike those from somatic cell division, cells from reproductive cell division only contain a single set of 23 chromosomes (haploid).
Reproductive cell division is an important process as this type of division produces the gametes which are responsible for the creation of human life.
2. What is the significance of interphase?
The process of interphase is the precursor to both mitosis and cytokinesis. This stage of the cell cycle ensures that the cells are complete and ready for cell division. It is the longest stage and most of the cells spend their time in interphase as it enables them to grow, replicate DNA, and make final preparations before starting cell division. Skipping the stage of interphase would result in faulty and incomplete cells.