1. What are the organs that constitute each of the organ systems above?
Listed below are the organs that constitute each of the organ systems:
Integumentary system: Skin, hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, and oil glands.
Skeletal system: Bones, ligaments, joints, and cartilages.
Muscular system: Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.
Nervous system: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, and ears.
Endocrine system: Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.
Cardiovascular system: Heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Lymphatic system: Lymphatic fluid, vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils.
Respiratory system: Nose, lungs, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes.
Digestive system: Mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus (food tube), stomach, small intestines, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
Urinary system: Kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Reproductive system:
Female Reproductive System: Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands.
Male Reproductive System: Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis.
2. Which organ systems function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluid?
The organ systems that function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluids are the urinary system, respiratory system, and cardiovascular system. Blood, a part of the cardiovascular system, carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste away from cells. At the same time, the transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood to exhaled air done by the respiratory system helps in the regulation of the acid-base balance by monitoring the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, and the kidneys, part of the urinary system, reabsorb bicarbonate back to the blood while secreting hydrogen ions into urine.