1. What are the organs that constitute each of the organ-systems above?
- Integumentary System - skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands (e.g. sweat, salivary, mammary glands, etc.)
- Skeletal System - bones, skull, cartilage, ligaments, tendon, joints
- Muscular System - skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles
- Nervous System - brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, nerves
- Endocrine System - hypothalamus, pituitary glands, adrenal glands, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, pineal gland, thymus gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes
- Cardiovascular System - heart, artery, veins, blood vessels
- Lymphatic System - bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
- Respiratory System - nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
- Digestive System - mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
- Urinary System - kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
- Reproductive System - Males - penis, testis, scrotum; Females - vagina, uterus, ovary
2. Which organ systems function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluid?
Acid-base balance regulation in the body primarily needs the liver, kidney, and lungs. Hence, the organ systems that carry out such a process are the urinary system and respiratory system. They do this by excreting excess acidic and basic ions. For instance, the lungs release carbon dioxide while the kidneys reabsorb HCO3 and secrete H+ ions.