A.
Conserving cultural heritage should involve approaches that integrate historical preservation with economic development that meet modern day needs. One highly significant approach often used is adaptive re-use, which is supported by Republic Act No. 10066. This method allows heritage buildings to be repurposed for new functions, preserving their cultural value while adapting to current uses.
Another approach, as outlined by Roberts and Sykes, is urban regeneration, an alternative to urban development, which has four typologies: urban reconstruction, which includes detailed planning to improve an area’s conditions; urban revitalization, which focuses on addressing urban issues; urban renewal, which enhances the condition of neighboring heritage areas; and urban redevelopment, which raises an area’s economic value while preserving its historical integrity.
Lastly, Vigan’s Conservation Program also demonstrates a four-phase model that includes awareness to educate the public, appreciation to build community pride, protection to safeguard historic sites, and utilization that transforms heritage spaces into tourism and commercial areas. This approach not only preserves Vigan’s cultural heritage but also drives local economic growth through sustainable tourism and community engagement.
B.
Yes, I think Van der Borg and Russo's Culture-Oriented Economic Development (COED) offers a practical framework for Global South countries, such as ours, to leverage cultural assets for economic advancement. COED prioritizes the development of cultural sectors to stimulate tourism, create jobs, and encourage local businesses, fostering a sustainable cycle where cultural preservation supports economic growth and vice versa.
However, without strong community participation and legal backing, challenges can arise. In Escolta, Manila, for instance, as mentioned in the study, the lack of interest among property owners and the absence of a structured conservation framework have hindered preservation efforts. In contrast, areas like Vigan, where COED principles are applied, benefit from protective laws and a strong local commitment to preserving cultural sites. With the right support through incentives, legal protections, and community involvement, COED can help Global South countries balance heritage conservation with economic development.