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Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
- The inflammatory response can be divided into three main phases: (1) vasodilation, or increased blood vessel permeability, which causes signs and symptoms specifically, heat, redness, and swelling; (2) phagocyte emigration, which happens an hour after the inflammatory process starts and involves phagocytes appearing to reach the damaged area and destroying microbes; and (3) tissue repair, or the regeneration of damaged tissue, which starts after pus formation and dispersion.
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Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
- Innate or nonspecific immunity provides two (2) lines of defenses against pathogens: (1) skin and mucous membranes and (2) internal defenses. The skin and mucous membranes will be the primary barriers against pathogens and other foreign substances that may enter the body and cause diseases. Internal defenses, on the other hand, serve as secondary barriers once pathogens penetrate the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes. Internal defenses consist of the following: (a) internal antimicrobial substances that prevent the growth of microbes; (b) phagocytes that carry out the act of phagocytosis, or the ingestion of microbes; (c) natural killer (NK) cells that can kill a wide range of infected body and tumor cells; (d) inflammation, the body's defense response that aims to remove toxins, microbes, or foreign materials at the site of injury and begin tissue repair; and (e) fever, an abnormally high body temperature that inhibits the growth of microbes and accelerates bodily reactions.