1. Choose one concept in our lesson today, give a brief explanation about the concept and cite how would you apply this learning in your everyday life.
Answer:
Innate immunity is the body's initial defense against pathogens, comprising external barriers (skin and mucous membranes) and internal defenses (antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever). The first line of defense includes physical and chemical barriers, while the second line involves internal mechanisms like antimicrobial substances and cells that act when pathogens breach external barriers.
Inflammation is a non-specific response to tissue damage, seeking to eliminate pathogens, prevent their spread, and prepare for tissue repair. The PRISH acronym outlines its signs: pain, redness, immobility, swelling, and heat. The inflammatory response involves vasodilation and increased vessel permeability, allowing defensive proteins and cells to enter. Phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) migrate to the site, performing phagocytosis and forming pus. Tissue repair follows. Inflammation can be acute (rapid and self-limiting) or chronic (slow and prolonged), with different cell types involved in each.
Understanding innate immunity and inflammation can guide us in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing, helps protect the skin's barrier function. A balanced diet supports the production of antimicrobial substances and overall immune function. Adequate rest and stress management contribute to a well-functioning immune system.
In case of injuries or infections, recognizing the signs of inflammation (PRISH) can prompt timely medical attention. Avoiding behaviors that exacerbate inflammation, such as smoking or excessive alcohol consumption, promotes overall health. Additionally, knowing the distinction between acute and chronic inflammation aids in understanding and managing various health conditions. If experiencing symptoms like fever, understanding its role in the immune response can help appreciate the body's efforts to combat infections.
References:
Tortora, G., & Derrickson, B. (2012). Principles of ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (13th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.