Throwing a baseball overhead
— deltoid
action: lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint
innervation: axillary nerve
— biceps brachii
action: flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joints, and flexes arm at shoulder joint
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Kicking a ball
— vastus medialis
action: extend leg at knee joint
innervation: femoral nerve
— rectus femoris
action: extend leg at knee joint; flexes thigh at hip joint
innervation: femoral nerve
Doing sit-ups
— rectus abdominus
action: flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth
innervation: thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12)
— transverse abdominis
action: compresses abdomen
innervation: thoracic spinal nerves (T8-T12), the iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve
Breathing
— diaphragm
action: contraction of diaphragm causes it to flatten and increases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation of diaphragm causes it to move superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation
innervation: phrenic nerve, which contains axons from several spinal nerves (C3-C5)
— rectus abdominus
action: flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth
innervation: thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12)
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Tortora’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. In John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB23861293