1. Platysma
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Origin: fascia covering the clavicle, the acromial region, and superior portions of the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles (skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest)
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Insertion: Lower border of mandible or the skin of the lower lip
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Action: (1) depresses the mandible, (2) tenses the skin of inferior face
2. Mentalis
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Origin: Incisive fossa of mandible
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Insertion: skin of the chin
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Action: (1) provides stability to lower lip, allowing for pouting, (2) wrinkles skin of chin (3) elevates and protrudes lower lip
3. Orbicularis oris
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Origin: medial maxilla and mandible; angle of mouth (modiolus)
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Insertion: Mucous membrane of lips
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Action: (1) Constriction - sphincteric action of mouth, (2) Retraction - facial expressions and precise movement of lips as needed in speech
4. Corrugator supercilii
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Origin: medial part of superciliary arch on frontal bone
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Insertion: skin above middle part of eyebrows
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Action: (1) Pulls skin of eyebrows downward and medially, (2) Wrinkles part of forehead
5. Orbicularis oculi
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Origin: nasal part of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone
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Insertion: Skin of orbital region, lateral palpebral raphe, superior and inferior tarsal plates
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Action: (1) Orbital part: closes eyelids tightly, (2) Palpebral part: closes eyelids gently, (3) Deep palpebral part: compresses lacrimal sac, and (4) Aid passage and drainage of tears
6. Occipitofrontalis
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Origin: skin of eyebrow, muscles of forehead, lateral ⅔ of superior nuchal line
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Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
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Action: (1) Elevate eyebrows, wrinkle skin of forehead, (2) Retracts scalp
References
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Vasković, J., MD. (2023, April 12). Mentalis muscle. Kenhub. https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/mentalis-muscle
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Jain, P. (2023, August 7). Anatomy, head and neck, orbicularis oris muscle. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545169/
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Facial muscles. (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21672-facial-muscles
- Vasković, J., MD. (2023b, July 31). Occipitofrontalis muscle. Kenhub. https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/occipitofrontalis-muscle