Answers:
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Throwing a baseball overhead:
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Muscle: Deltoid
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Action - The deltoid muscle abducts and flexes the arm at the shoulder joint.
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Innervation - Axillary nerve
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Muscle: Rotator cuff muscles (e.g., Supraspinatus)
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Action - It stabilizes the shoulder joint during the throw.
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Innervation - Suprascapular nerve
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Kicking a ball:
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Muscle: Quadriceps femoris (specifically the rectus femoris)
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Action - It extends the knee and flexes the hip
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Innervation - Femoral nerve
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Muscle: Hamstrings (e.g., Biceps femoris)
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Action - The hamstrings flexes the knee and extends the hip.
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Innervation - Sciatic nerve (tibial division for the biceps femoris)
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Doing sit-ups:
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Muscle: Rectus abdominis
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Action - The trunk flexes (brings the chest toward the pelvis).
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Innervation - Lower six intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (T7-T11)
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Muscle: External oblique
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Action - This muscle assists in trunk flexion and rotation.
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Innervation - Lower six intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (T7-T11)
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Breathing:
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Muscle: Diaphragm
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Action - The diaphragm contracts to increase thoracic volume during inhalation (or inspiration).
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Innervation - Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
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Muscle: External intercostal muscles
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Action - It elevates the ribs during inhalation (inspiration).
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Innervation - Intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
REFERENCE:
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of anatomy & physiology. Fifteenth edition; Wiley Loose-Leaf Print Companion. Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.