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Throwing a baseball overhead
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Teres Major
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Action: Extends arm at shoulder joint; assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint
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Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve
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Subscapularis
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Action: Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint
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Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerve
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Kicking a ball
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Quadriceps femoris
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Action: All four heads extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris muscle acting alone also flexes thigh at hip joint
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Innervation: Femoral nerve
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Tibialis anterior
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Action: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and inverts (supinates) foot at intertarsal joints
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Innervation: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
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Doing sit-ups
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Rectus abdominis
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Action: Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion; compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth
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Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves (T7–T12)
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Internal Obliques
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Action: when acting together = compresses abdomen and flexes vertebral column; when acting singly = laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column
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Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves (T8–T12), the iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve
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Breathing
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Diaphragm
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Action: inhalation caused by the contraction of the diaphragm as it flattens and increases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity; relaxation of diaphragm moves superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity = exhalation
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Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
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External Intercostals
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Action: Inhalation = Contraction elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity; Exhalation = relaxation depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity
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Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves (T2-T12)
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Reference:
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2015). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology (15th ed.) [E-book]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.