N3 Anatomy and Physiology AY 2023-2024

1. It is immunization day at the health center. The first patient is a 2-month old well female infant who is scheduled for the following vaccinations: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), pentavalent vaccine (Penta) and oral polio vaccine. PCV and Penta are given via intramuscular route. Where are the sites of injection? What muscle is targeted in the injection? Write down its origin, insertion and action. How do you locate this area? (3 pts) 

   1. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)

      1. Deltoid muscle

         1. Origin: Acromion and spine of scapula

         2. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

         3. Action: Shoulder muscles which allow the arms to reach the top of the head in order to do an overhead pass

         4. Locate: Within the shoulder girdle, specifically the biceps

   2. Pentavalent vaccine (Penta)

      1. Quadricep muscles

         1. Origin: Femoral shaft

         2. Insertion: Patella

         3. Action: Creates motion through the movement of hip and thigh muscles, extending the knees

         4. Location: Found on the front of the thigh

   3. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

      1. Orbicularis oris

         1. Origin: Modiolus of mouth

         2. Insertion: Submucosa and Dermis of lips

         3. Action: Major muscle in charge of contraction around the mouth

         4. Location: This is found in the facial muscles as OPV is ingested through the mouth rather than injected

2. The baby’s 65-year-old grandfather also came to the center because influenza vaccine is being offered to senior citizens. The flu vaccine is given intramuscularly. Which muscle is the preferred site for IM injection in this case? Write down its origin, insertion and action. How do you locate this area? (3 pts) 

   1. Influenza vaccine

      1. Deltoid muscle

         1. Origin: Acromion and spine of scapula

         2. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

         3. Action: Shoulder muscles which allow the arms to reach the top of the head in order to do an overhead pass

         4. Locate: Within the shoulder girdle, specifically the biceps

Source/s: Tortora, G. J. (2018, May 15). Principles of anatomy and physiology. Google Books.