ACTIVITY 2

Guevarra, Elaine Nicole V. - Activity 2

Guevarra, Elaine Nicole V. - Activity 2

by Elaine Nicole Guevarra -
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ACTIVITY 2

1. Throwing a baseball overhead

  • Deltoid
    • Action: Lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint.
    • Innervation: Axillary nerve.
  • Subscapularis 
    • Action: Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint.
    • Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerve.

2. Kicking a ball

  • Rectus femoris
    • Action: All four heads extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris muscle acting alone also flexes thigh at hip joint.
    • Innervation: Femoral nerve.
  • Gluteus maximus
    • Action: Extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh; helps lock knee in extension. RMA: Extends torso.
    • Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve.

3. Doing sit-ups

  • Rectus abdominis
    • Action: Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth. RMA: Flexes pelvis on the vertebral column.
    • Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T7–T12.
  • Transversus abdominis
    • Action: Compresses abdomen.
    • Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T8–T12, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve.

4. Breathing

  • Diaphragm
    • Action:  Contraction of diaphragm causes it to flatten and increases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation of diaphragm causes it to move superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation.
    • Innervation: Phrenic nerve, which contains axons from cervical spinal nerves (C3–C5).
  • External intercostals
    • Action: Contraction elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation.
    • Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T2–T12.

 

REFERENCE(S):

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of anatomy and physiology (15th ed.). Wiley Custom Learning Solutions. https://handoutset.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Principles-of-anatomy-and-physiology-Wiley-2017-Derrickson-Bryan-H._-Tortora-Gerard-J..pdf