1. How the food changes consistency and form
The food changes its consistency and forms thru digestion, which breaks down food into smaller molecules to release their nutrients so that the small intestine absorbs them. The food changes from large bites to chewed bolus (semi-solid paste), then to chyme (fluid-like consistency). Additionally, there are two types of digestion, mechanical and chemical.
a. Mechanical digestion physically breaks down the food into smaller parts to undergo chemical digestion.
b. Chemical digestion involves digestive enzymes to degrade the molecular structure of the food ingested so that it would be absorbable into the bloodstream.
2. How the body was able to absorb the nutrients from the foods we eat.
The small intestine absorbs most of the nutrients in the food. The large intestine also facilitates absorption, but only water, ions, and others, not nutrients. The small intestine muscles use chemical digestion wherein digestive enzymes from the pancreas, liver, and intestine mix with food and push the mixture forward to the large intestine. The small intestine walls (mucosa) absorb the nutrients into the bloodstream by diffusion or transport then the blood delivers the nutrients to the body.
References:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2013). The Digestive System and How It Works National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Files/Digestive-Diseases/Digestive_System_508.pdf
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2019, January 13). Your Digestive System & How It Works. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works
Patricia, J. J., & Dhamoon, A. S. (2020, September 18). Physiology, Digestion. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544242/