Activity 1

ARAGO, Alessandra Rein Isabel A. - Activity 1

ARAGO, Alessandra Rein Isabel A. - Activity 1

by Alessandra Rein Isabel Arago -
Number of replies: 0

Answer the following questions:

  1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.

Inflammation is a nonspecific defensive response of the body to tissue damage, characterized by symptoms of redness, pain, heat, and swelling, or even loss of function in the area. Inflammation has three stages: 

  1. Vasodilation and increased blood vessel permeability

  • In an area that has been traumatized, inflammation starts when vasodilation occurs at the site. This causes a greater blood flow through the damaged area and in return, causes redness and heat. Whereas an increased blood vessel permeability permits substances that are normally retained in the blood to pass.

  1. Emigration of phagocytes

  • Phagocytes emigrate to cite an hour into the process. This is where neutrophils begin to stick to the endothelium of the blood vessels, squeeze through it to reach the damaged tissue. 

  • They attempt to destroy the pathogens through phagocytosis

  1. Tissue repair 

  • The tissue is healed

 

  1. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.

Innate or nonspecific immunity refers to the defense system present at birth. It protects the body against antigens and it does not involve specific recognition of microbes, thus acting on all microbes in the same way. It involves barriers that form the first line of defenses against pathogens:

  • Cough reflex

  • Enzymes in tears and skin oils

  • Mucus

  • Stomach acid

  • Skin

Innate immunity depends on a group of proteins and phagocytic cells that recognize the features of pathogens – pathogen-associated molecules that are common to many pathogens but are absent in the host. In response, they rapidly become activated to destroy and combat the invaders.

 

 

References

Medline Plus. (2022, January 23). Immune response. MedlinePlus. Retrieved November 19, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000821.htm

National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Innate Immunity - Molecular Biology of the Cell. NCBI. Retrieved November 19, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26846/

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. H. (2011). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Wiley.