ACTIVITY 1
Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
The process begins when the traumatized area allows the entry of bacteria and other pathogens. After that, platelets from the blood release blood-clotting proteins at the traumatized site. Mast cells then secrete factors that mediate vasodilation and vascular constriction. The delivery of blood, plasma, and cells to the injured area increases. Neutrophils then secrete factors that kill and degrade pathogens. Neutrophils and macrophages also remove pathogens by phagocytosis. After this, macrophages will secrete hormones called cytokines that will attract immune system cells to the site and activate cells involved in tissue repair. Inflammation response continues until the foreign material is eliminated repairing the traumatized area.
Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Humoral immunity is the one that protects the extracellular space which is the usual site of infectious diseases in humans. In this type of immunity, the antibodies produced by B cells cause the destruction of extracellular microorganisms and prevent the spread of intracellular infections. The activation of B cells and their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells is triggered by antigen and usually requires helper T cells which helps in activating cytotoxic T cells that kill infected target cells.
References:
Janeway, C. A., Travers, P., Walport, M., & Shlomchik, M. J. (2022). The Humoral Immune Response. Nih.gov; Garland Science. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10752/
Understanding the inflammatory process in wound healing. (2020). British Journal of Community Nursing. https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/bjcn.2012.17.Sup3.S17