1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
As discussed in this module, inflammation is an innate secondary line of defensive response of our body towards the presence of stimulus such as tissue damage. It is a protective response which aims: (1) to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, (2) to remove the damaged tissue/s, and (3) to generate and repair new tissues in replacement of the initially removed tissue/s (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014). This results in the overproduction of neutrophils, production of pyrogens, and loss of blood fluid.
Inflammatory response is divided into three basic stages. These stages explain the cycle of the inflammation and how the lymphatic system is able to address and regenerate damaged tissues of the body.
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Vasodilation and increased permeability of the blood vessels (arterioles enlarge in diameter and the capillaries become more permissible for exchange of nutrients)
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Emigration of phagocytes (phagocytes fill in the inflammatory site and try to attack and destroy the invading microbes through the process of phagocytosis)
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Tissue repair or regeneration (after the phagocytic response, the inflamed site is fully administered and the regeneration of new tissues occurs as the final stage)
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Innate immunity, also known as nonspecific immunity, refers to the defense mechanism that is present within our systems since our birth. It is said to not involve any specific recognition of a microbe to act since it attacks all microbes that enter our body the same way. It is classified into two categories: (1) first line of defense and (2) second line of defense. The first line of defense is further divided into two types which are the physical and chemical barriers of the outermost organ of our body, the skin. They provide the primary defense mechanism when foreign bodies like microbes try to enter and harm our system. On the other hand, the second line of defense are internal responses that proceed if the primary line of defense is breached by the foreign threat. It is composed of various responses that involve phagocytes, antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells (NK cells), inflammation, and fever. These immunity responses are all mediated by the primitive nature of our immune system and do not involve the presence of lymphatic cells or lymphocytes in order to combat the foreign presence of microbes that causes infection and/or tissue damage in the body.
REFERENCE: Tortora, G., & Derrickson, B. (2014). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. 14th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc