High Blood Pressure
-
Because of the lessened elasticity of the arteries brought on by high blood pressure, the body receives less blood and oxygen. Consequently, this lowers cardiac output while increasing afterload.
Massive Bleeding
-
A circulatory system stress known as hemorrhage causes lower cardiac loading, lower blood pressure, and ultimately lower perfusion pressure for tissue blood flow. In order to make up for this, the body increases heart rate and contractility, which lowers cardiac output.
The drug Dopamine
-
Dopamine is a drug frequently prescribed to treat low blood pressure. When consumed, it elevates heart rate or blood pressure, which also manifests as an increase in contractile pressure.
Running a Sprint
-
Due to the relatively high heart rates that are reached during sprints, cardiac output increases significantly. Workload-related increases in heart rate cause respiratory rate to gradually approach their maximum levels.
Hyperthyroidism with increased secretion of thyroid hormones
-
Increased preload with low systemic vascular resistance, a fast heart rate, and increased cardiac muscle oxygen consumption are all cardiac consequences of hyperthyroidism. Effects of short-term hyperthyroidism include elevated heart rate and high cardiac output.
Massive myocardial infarction (cardiac tissue death)
-
The depletion of viable myocardium brought on by cardiac tissue death may compromise overall heart function. If damages are severe, this phenomenon may potentially lower cardiac output or even cause cardiogenic shock.
Hypothermia
-
Body temperatures that are lower than normally seen caused by extreme coldness or more commonly known as hypothermia results in blood vessel vasoconstriction, which raises preload and boosts cardiac output.
h. Emotional distress
-
Heart rate and blood pressure both rise in response to situations that cause emotional distress. The emotions in this condition cause a rise in heart rate, heart contractility, and stroke volume, which in turn causes an increase in cardiac output.