- Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatize
When body tissues are injured, the inflammatory response takes place. The symptoms of inflammation include redness, pain, and swelling. Its three primary phases are vasodilation and increased blood vessel permeability, emigration, or the movement of phagocytes from the bloodstream into interstitial fluid, and tissue repair.
Vasodilation, or increased capillary permeability, and an increase in arteriole diameter make up the first step. Vasodilation allows more blood to flow through the damaged area. On the other hand, the increased permeability allows protective proteins, including as antibodies and clotting factors, to enter the injured area. At this stage, inflammation signs and markers like heat, redness, and swelling are evident.
Within an hour, phagocytes like neutrophils arrive to phagocytize invaders. After a fight, neutrophils swiftly disappear and are supported by roving macrophages from monocytes that phagocytize intruders as well as consume worn-out neutrophils and injured tissue. Macrophages that eventually decompose turn into pus together with fluid and tissue cells that have been injured.
- Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
The first immunological, general defense against pathogens is called innate immunity. Innate immune mechanisms include anatomical and physiological barriers, inflammation, complement activation, cytokine secretion, target cell lysis, phagocytosis and autophagy. A number of cells, including phagocytes, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, as well as the complement system, mediate this quick immune response, which happens minutes or hours after aggression. In order to combat infectious organisms, innate immunity and adaptive immunity co-evolve. Adaptive immunity depends on the carefully controlled interactions of T cells, APCs, and B cells. The development of immunologic memory, or the capacity of the system to learn from or store its experiences with different pathogens, is a crucial aspect of adaptive immunity. This memory enables the body to mount efficient and quick immune reactions in response to future exposure to the same or similar pathogens.
References:
Marshall, J. S., Warrington, R., Watson, W., & Kim, H. L. (2018, September 12). An introduction to immunology and immunopathology - allergy, asthma & clinical immunology. BioMed Central. Retrieved November 17, 2022, from https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-018-0278-1#:~:text=Innate%20immunity%20is%20the%20first%20immunological%2C%20non%2Dspecific%20mechanism%20for,well%20as%20the%20complement%20system.
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of anatomy and physiology (14th ed.). Wiley Custom Learning Solutions.