- Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
When tissue is injured, small blood vessels in the damaged area undergo a momentary vasoconstriction. After this, the area immediately turns red, warm, and painful as it begins to swell caused by acute inflammation, which is triggered by damage to living tissues. The process of inflammation starts with a change in blood flow in the damaged area, wherein the blood vessels dilate and increase blood flor into the tissue, which in turn, results in redness. This is proceeded by an increase in blood vessel permeability, which allows fluid, proteins, and leukocytes to migrate to the area of tissue damage. This stage results in swelling. Then, swelling and redness are reduced by phagocytes and neutrophils that clean up cellular debris from the injury. After the inflammation process comes healing and repair, where cells that are capable of proliferation regenerate and results in a fibrous scar or suppuration depending on the injury.
- Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Innate immunity, also known as nonspecific immunity, is the defense mechanism with which we are born. It is known to be the first immunological mechanism for fighting against infections. It is rapid and occurs in minutes or hours after aggression. It is mediated by numerous cells such as phagocytes, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, as well as the complement system. It involves barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body. Innate immune mechanisms include anatomical and physiological barriers, inflammation, complement activation, cytokine secretion, target cell lysis, phagocytosis and autophagy. Examples of innate immunity are cough reflex, enzymes in tears, mucus, skin, and stomach acid.
REFERENCES:
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. (2022). inflammation. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/inflammation
MedlinePlus. (n.d). Immune Response. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000821.htm#:~:text=Innate%2C%20or%20nonspecific%2C%20immunity%20is,defense%20in%20the%20immune%20response