Answer the following questions:
1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
Whenever a virus, bacteria, or other dangerous substance enters our body, our immune system will immediately start to work. As a result, an inflammatory response will begin, accompanied by a variety of symptoms including pain, swelling, bruising, or redness. Vasodilation and enhanced blood vessel permeability; emigration, or the movement of phagocytes from the bloodstream into interstitial fluid; and tissue healing are its three fundamental phases.
The first stage comprises vasodilation, or enhanced capillary permeability, as well as an increase in the diameter of arterioles. More blood can flow through the injured area because of vasodilation. On the other hand, the increased permeability enables the entry of protective proteins into the wounded area, including antibodies and clotting factors. Inflammation symptoms and indicators such as heat, redness, and swelling are present at this stage.
The phagocytosis emigration is the second stage. Within an hour of the inflammation, large amounts of blood accumulate and neutrophils start to adhere to the inner surface of the endothelium of blood vessels. Neutrophils destroy the invading microbes by the process of phagocytosis; however, they die off easily. Once enough fluid and dead cells have accumulated, pus will eventually form; this process will continue until the infection has subsided.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Defenses that are already present at birth are referred to as innate or nonspecific immunity. Innate immunity works in the same manner against all microorganisms. Also, it does not require specialized microbe recognition. The first line of defense includes the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes. On the other hand, the second line of defense that are part of innate immunity includes phagocytes, inflammation, antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, and fever. Innate immune responses serve as the body's early warning system for immunity and are intended to both prevent bacteria from entering the body and aid in their elimination upon their entry.
Reference:
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of anatomy and physiology (14th ed.). Wiley Custom Learning Solutions.