Briefly explain the main cause or mechanism of the increase in respiratory rate or depth and/or respiratory difficulties in the following cases: (one to two sentences only)
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Due to the increased respiration of muscle cells during physical activities, the rate and depth of breathing increase as the body gear up for the incoming workout or exercise that will be performed.
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The body has greater metabolic demands the longer and more intensely we exercise, which are addressed by increased pulmonary/lung ventilation. When we engage in moderate activities or exercises, our body uses extra oxygen and generates more carbon dioxide than usual to maintain the energy of the muscles in the body.
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The airways get blocked with thick mucus, the muscles in the airways constrict, and the internal linings enlarge during an asthma attack. This makes it harder for air sacs to inflate and deflate, which causes more air to become trapped inside the lungs.
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Ventilation boosts the tidal volume up to high levels during a sudden climb into higher altitudes. To get an adequate amount of oxygen, the breathing rate also increases which then makes hyperventilation plausible.
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Respiratory failure may result from the lungs' inability to deliver oxygen to the blood and expel carbon dioxide if the fluid buildup becomes too much to handle due to pneumonia-causing the air sacs in the lungs to fill with fluid or pus.
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When the phrenic nerve is paralyzed, breathing capacity and voluntary breathing are decreased because the phrenic nerve regulates the contraction and expansion of the diaphragm.
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Patients who contract tuberculosis may develop respiratory failure due to impaired ventilation and diffusion mismatch.
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The shortage of red blood cells in the blood, which causes anemia, raises the body's need for ventilation and adds to the labor required for breathing.
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Hypoxia, a condition where there is not enough oxygen to maintain tissue functions and preserve homeostasis, has an increased risk of being contracted because of lung diseases like advanced COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
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In advanced pregnancy, the abdomen is under more pressure. Moreover, minute ventilation rises as a result of increased carbon dioxide and oxygen generation, as well as progesterone's direct activation of the central respiratory center.