Briefly explain the main cause or mechanism of increase in respiratory rate or depth and/or respiratory difficulties in the following cases: (one to two sentences only)
1. Initiation of exercise
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At the start of the exercise, the body will begin using up its oxygen and will make you breathe in more frequently to cope with the loss.
2. Moderate exercise
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Exercising makes your body work harder, causing you to use up more oxygen. To compensate for the need for more oxygen, the body will make you breathe from 15 a usual 15 times per minute to 40-60 times per minute.
3. Asthma attack
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The person’s airways become swollen and inflamed. The muscles around the airways contract and the airways produce extra mucus, causing the breathing (bronchial) tubes to narrow.
4. Abrupt ascent into high altitudes
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It is difficult to breathe in high altitudes, making you attempt to breathe in more. This is because, although the body needs oxygen to survive, high altitude air possesses only a small amount of oxygen.
5. Pneumonia
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Pneumonia makes it hard to breathe because it is an acute respiratory infection that affects the lungs. The alveoli are filled with pus and fluid, making it harder and more painful to breathe.
6. Paralysis of phrenic nerve
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The Phrenic nerves cause your diaphragm to expand and contract in order to inhale and exhale air. Its paralysis could result in a difficulty or even inability to breathe.
7. Severe tuberculosis with resulting lung scar tissue
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Extensive scarring in the lungs can make it hard to breathe. This is because it affects the transfer of oxygen to the bloodstream
8. Severe anemia
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Occurs when the body does not get enough oxygen in its blood. This causes a difficulty in breathing
9. advanced COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
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This causes difficulty in breathing because of long term exposure to gases and particulate matter like smoke.
10. Advanced pregnancy
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High amounts of progesterone cause women to experience a shortness of breath. Progesterone acts as trigger of the primary respiratory center by increasing the sensitivity of the respiratory center to carbon dioxide