ACTIVITY 3
1. It is immunization day at the health center. The first patient is a 2-month old well female infant who is scheduled for the following vaccinations: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), pentavalent vaccine (Penta) and oral polio vaccine. PCV and Penta are given via intramuscular route. Where are the sites of injection? What muscle is targeted in the injection? Write down its origin, insertion and action. How do you locate this area?
Answer: The PCV and Pentavalent vaccinations are administered intramuscularly to the anterolateral mid-thigh of babies less than 12 months, with the vastus lateralis being the specific muscle targeted.To locate the proper anatomical site for injection, make sure the infant's leg is completely exposed, find the upper and lower anatomical landmarks—greater trochanter of femur and patella—draw an imaginary line down the front of the thigh, then imagine the thigh is divided into thirds, and the correct injection site is in the middle third and on the outer aspect of the imaginary line.Its origin is in the femur's greater trochanter and linea aspera, and its insertion is at the patella through the quadriceps tendon and subsequently the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament. It works by extending the leg at the knee joint.
2. The baby’s 65-year-old grandfather also came to the center because influenza vaccine is being offered to senior citizens. The flu vaccine is given intramuscularly. Which muscle is the preferred site for IM injection in this case? Write down its origin, insertion and action. How do you locate this area?
Answer: The grandfather may be administered the flu vaccination in the deltoid muscle at the shoulder. Our deltoid muscles encompass the front, side, and rear of the shoulder joint. The injection site is located in the center of the deltoid. It is inserted into the humerus at the deltoid tuberosity. The actions done are lateral fibers abduct the arm at the shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint; and posterior fibers lengthen and laterally rotate the arm at the shoulder joint. To locate the region, expose the upper arm and palpate the bony protrusion to find the acromion process. The injection location is in the deltoid muscle, approximately 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 inches) below the acromion process.