1. Watch this video to view a rotating and exploded skull with color-coded bones. Which bone (yellow) is centrally located and joins with most of the other bones of the skull? The link of the video at the study guide.
The yellow bone in the video is the sphenoid bone which is centrally located and joins with most of the other bones of the skull.
2. View another video to review the two processes that give rise to the bones of the skull and the body. The access of the video is in the study guide. Answer this question: What are the two mechanisms by which the bones of the body are formed and which bones are formed by each mechanism?
The two mechanisms of ossification are intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.
Intramembranous ossification is where bones directly form within mesenchyme. It occurs on or within fibrous connective tissue membranes. It occurs in five (5) phases: development of the ossification center, calcification, formation of trabeculae, and development of the periosteum. This type of ossification occurs in many bones of the skull and clavicles.
On the other hand, endochondral ossification occurs in the rest of the skeleton. It is characterized by the replacement of cartilage with bone. It also occurs in five (5) stages, namely the development of the cartilage model, growth of the cartilage model, development of the primary ossification center, development of secondary ossification, and development of articular cartilage and epiphyseal line.
3. Watch another video (link in the study guide) to see an animation of synovial joints in action. Answer the following questions after watching the video. What are the synovial joints being described in the video?
The synovial joints described in the video are:
- Ball and Socket Joints
- Hinge Joints
- Pivot Joints
- Condyloid Joints
- Saddle Joints
- Gliding Joints
4. Which type of synovial joint allows for the widest ranges of motion?
The ball and socket joints allow the widest range of motion among all the synovial joints. They allow all types of motion except for gliding.