1) What are the organs that constitute each of the organ-systems above?
The basic organs that constitute each of the organ systems are as follows:
1. Cardiovascular / Circulatory System
- Heart
- Blood vessels (arteries and veins)
- The blood itself
2. Lymphatic / Immune System
- Lymph vessels
- Lymph nodes
- Lymph ducts
- Various glands
- Bone marrow
- Thymus
- Spleen
- Adenoids
- Tonsils
3. Respiratory System
- Lungs
- Trachea (windpipe)
- Airways of the respiratory tree
4. Integumentary system
- Skin
- Sweat glands
- Hair follicles
- Nails
- Nerves
5. Endocrine System
- Adrenal glands
- Hypothalamus
- Pancreas
- Parathyroid glands
- Pineal gland
- Pituitary glands
- Thymus
- Thyroid glands
6. Digestive System
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Rectum
- Anus
- Pancreas
- Gallbladder
- Liver
7. Urinary System
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
8. Muscular System
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Connective tissues
9. Skeletal System
- Bones
- Cartilages
- Joints
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Teeth
10. Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Nerves
11. Reproductive System
- Male gonads (testes) and respective parts
- Female gonads (ovaries) and respective parts
2) Which organ systems function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluid?
The organ systems that regulate the acid-base balance in body fluid are the cardiovascular, urinary, and respiratory systems.