1. The following are the subspecialties of anatomy: (1) Embryology, which studies the first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg; (2) Developmental Biology, which studies the complete development of a person from fertilization to death; (3) Cell Biology, which studies the cell and its structure and functions; (4) Histology, which studies the microscopic structure of tissues; (5) Gross Anatomy, which studies the structures that can be examined without using a microscope; (6) Systemic Anatomy, which studies the structure of specific systems of the body; (7) Regional Anatomy, which studies the specific regions of the body; (8) Surface Anatomy, which studies the surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation; (9) Radiographic Anatomy, which studies the body structures that can be visualized using x-rays and; (10) Pathological Anatomy, which studies the structural changes, from gross to microscopic, associated with disease.
Meanwhile, the subspecialties of physiology are: (1) Neurophysiology, which studies the functional properties of nerve cells; (2) Endocrinology, which studies the hormones and how they control body functions; (3) Cardiovascular Physiology, which studies the functions of the heart and blood vessels; (4) Immunology, studies the defenses of the body against disease-causing agents; (5) Respiratory Physiology, which studies the functions of the air passageways and lungs; (6) Renal Physiology, which studies the functions of the kidneys; (7) Exercise Physiology, which studies the changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity and; (8) Pathophysiology, which studies the functional changes associated with disease and aging.
2. A hand, for example, consists of fingers. This formulates the idea that a hand’s function is to grip things.