N3 Anatomy and Physiology (1st Sem AY 2022-2023)

Anatomy is the science of body structures and the relationship among them. It has several subspecialties, namely:

1. Embryology - it studies the first 8 week development of the egg following the fertilization

2. Development Biology - it studies the development of an individual from the fertilization of the egg up until death

3. Cell Biology - it studies the cell structure and functions

4. Surface Biology - the study of surface markings to understand internal anatomy

5. Gross anatomy - it studies structures that can be examined through naked eye (without using microscope)

6. Systemic anatomy - it studies the different systems of the body

Physiology, on the other hand, is the science on how body parts work. It has different specialties, namely:

1. Neurophysiology - functional properties of nerve cells

2. Endocrinology - hormones and how they control the functions of the body

3. Cardiovascular physiology - functions of the heart and blood vessels

4. Immunology - how the body reacts against disease-causing agents

5. Renal physiology- functions of the kidneys

6. Pathophysiology - functional changes that are associated with disease and aging.

2. The proportional lengths of the thumb and other fingers allow us to have an opposable thumb (capable of touching the other fingers in the same hand) that helps us do daily activities like gripping, manipulating, and writing.