1. What are the organs that constitute each of the organ-systems above?
Integumentary System – skin, hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil glands
Skeletal System – bones, joints, cartilage
Muscular System – skeletal muscle, tendon, smooth, and cardiac muscles
Nervous System – brain, nerves, spinal cord, special sense organs (e.g., eye and ears)
Endocrine System – pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads (ovaries and testes) and hormone-producing cells in other organs
Cardiovascular System – Heart, blood vessels, blood
Lymphatic System – lymphatic fluid and vessels: lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and tonsils. Cells that carry out immune responses (B cells and T cells, etc.)
Respiratory System – pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchial tubes, (diaphragm in other sources)
Digestive System – mouth, pharynx, salivary gland, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, appendix, rectum, and anus.
Urinary System – Kidney, urethra, ureters, urinary bladder, prostate (in males)
Reproductive System (Male) – Testes (gonads), epididymis, ductus or vas deferens, prostate gland, penis, scrotum, seminal vesicles
Reproductive System (Female) – ovaries (gonads), fallopian tube, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
2. Which organ systems function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluid?
Cardiovascular system, Respiratory system and Urinary system helps in acid-base balance in body fluid according to Tortora and Derrickson (2014)
References:
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2014). Principles of anatomy and physiology. Wiley.