1. What are the organs that constitute each of the organ-systems above?
- The integumentary system is constituted by
- the skin
- sweat glands
- oil glands
- (other related structures include toenails, fingernails, and hair)
- The skeletal system is constituted by
- bones
- joints
- (their associated cartilages)
- The muscular system is constituted by
- the skeletal muscle tissues
- The nervous system is constituted by
- the brain
- spinal cord
- nerves
- special sense organs like the eyes and ears
- The endocrine system is constituted by
- the hormone-producing glands
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid glands
- pineal gland
- adrenal glands
- pituitary gland
- pancreas
- ovaries
- testes
- (hormone-producing cells in other organs)
- The cardiovascular system is constituted by:
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- (Blood)
- The lymphatic system is constituted by:
- Lymphatic vessels (and fluid)
- Spleen
- Thymus
- Lymph nodes
- Tonsils
- (includes cells that carry out immune responses, such as B cells and T cells)
- The respiratory system is constituted by:
- Lungs
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchial tubes
- The digestive system is constituted by:
- Organs of the gastrointestinal tract
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Anus
- Accessory organs
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- The urinary system is constituted by:
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
- The reproductive system is constituted by:
- Testes
- Epididymides
- Ductus deferens
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate
- Penis
- Ovaries
- Uterine tubes
- Uterus
- Vagina
- Mammary glands
2. Which organ systems function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluid?
The cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and urinary system all function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluid.