Weekly outline

  • Course Announcements

    For conference schedules and course reminders. We will also periodically add links to interesting websites.

    • Ophthalmology Cases (Instagram) URL

      Curated photos and videos with captions, and some quizzes

    • Dr Glaucomflecken (Twitter) URL

      Tweets about current events and life as an ophthalmologist. Also on Facebook

      Glaucomflecken or glaukomflecken are whitish opacities under then anterior lens capsule. They are areas of necrosis of the lens epithelium, which result from episodes of increased intraocular pressure. When these are present in your patient, they point to a previous attack of acute angle closure.

    • Veterinary Ophthalmology Center (Facebook) URL

      For those interested in ophtha procedures for animals. They do a lot of the same examinations we do (slit lamp, indirect ophthalmoscopy) and surgeries as well (cataract surgery with intraocular lens, corneal grafts, eyelid repair).

    • Orbital Decompression (@drmarcosales on Instagram) URL

      Caption Translation: "The emotional effects of the sequelae from Thyroid Orbitopathy know neither age nor gender. It can be as intense for men as it for women, and for older patients as it is for younger ones.

      "Recovery of the appearance of your face and eyes brings back your confidence in yourself at any age. It is heartwarming to hear patients tell me how they feel like themselves again.

      "This was a customized orbital decompression. Happy with the result."

      Notes: Thyroid orbitopathy is a self-limiting inflammation. A patient in the fibrotic phase can have residual proptosis, strabismus and eyelid retraction. The patient in the photo has both proptosis and lower eyelid retraction. After the orbital decompression (partial removal of the orbital bones will increase the volume of the orbit, which will allow the eye to sink backward), the surgeon likely fixed the lower lid retraction by reattaching the lateral tarsus to the orbital rim.

    • Cybersight Video Library URL

      Annotated surgical videos

    • Philippine Network of Young Ophthalmologists (Instagram) URL

      Common cases and eye care advice 

      PINOY is a  network of Filipino ophthalmologists under 40.

    • Video Library of Dr Tim Root URL

      Collection of short lecture videos from Dr Tim Root, author of OphthoBook

    • Retina Review (Instagram) URL

      A lot of fundus photographs. You can practice looking at the disc and AV ratio.

    • MMMHMC Ophthalmology (Instagram) URL

      Educational social media page of Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center

    • Eyes for Ears April14 Episode (Podcast) URL

      Beyond the Scope: Telemedicine in Ophthalmology with Dr. Grayson Armstrong

      Dr. Armstrong is the first and only teleophthalmology fellow at Massachusetts Eye and Ear.

  • Overview of Ophthalmology 251 for AY 2021-22

    Welcome to Ophtha 251. This is a 2-week course, split into 1 week per semester. Your course coordinators are Drs. Trina Ranche and Franz Cruz. Your resident monitors are Drs. Mark San Juan, JP Lacanilao, Jomel Lapides, Ino Villacastin, Kenjee Dee, and Ricky Fonatnilla.

    At the end of your two weeks, you should be able to:

    1. evaluate a patient with an eye problem
    2. perform a basic ophthalmologic evaluation
    3. diagnose common out-patient and emergency eye conditions
    4. formulate management plans for patients with eye conditions
    5. demonstrate proper attitudes towards patients and their families
    6. appreciate the team approach in the management of cases
    7. apply the principles of evidence-based medicine in your approach to cases
    8. demonstrate noteworthy attitudes, ethics and professionalism

    Kindly refer to the INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN file for more details on what we hope to accomplish.

    Your activities have been adjusted for asynchronous and synchronous distance learning. There are lectures, videos and short formative (non-graded) quizzes for your review. You also have a project that will focus on community-oriented medical education. You may do all of these at your chosen time. There are required synchronous sessions which will be done via Zoom. Should there be any problems with connectivity or scheduling, we will adjust.  Please contact your faculty or your resident monitors. Please read the SYLLABUS for more information about the course activities and evaluation scheme.

    We will be very flexible with the submission of most requirements.  Unless the deadline is specified in the activity, you may pass them any time, as long as we have them 1 week before the deadline of grades.  

    Your main reference for this course is the textbook SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY (3rd edition by Valbuena & Castillo).  Other useful links will be provided in the VLE.

    If there are other concerns, you may bring them up individually or as a group.  You may book consultation times with Dr. Ranche directly via Viber/Whatsapp/Telegram (+63917 856 1274) or email (ftranche@up.edu.ph), or course them through your resident monitors.  We have tried to minimize the synchronous sessions to make it easier for students, but you may request for videoconferences as a block if you feel that you need additional guidance. To safeguard a healthy balance between our work and personal time, please understand that your course coordinators and resident monitors cannot be available 24/7, but we will try to address your concerns as quickly as possible.

  • Review Materials (Phase 1)

    Your required review materials are

    1. History-Taking in Ophthalmology
    2. The 5-point Eye Exam
    3. Out-patient Cases
    4. Emergency Cases
    5. Ocular Pharmacology

    These are meant to supplement what you have learned during LU5, and what you have read in the SIM.  Additional resources are also provided as optional review materials.

    • The Five-Point Eye Exam File 16MB Video file (MP4)
    • The Five-Point Eye Exam (slides only) File 494.6KB Powerpoint 2007 presentation
    • Out-Patient Cases File 2.5MB PDF document
    • Emergency Cases File 62.9MB Video file (MP4)
    • Emergency Cases (slides only) File 74.1MB Powerpoint 2007 presentation
    • Ocular Pharmacology File 2.8MB Powerpoint 2007 presentation
    • Crash Course: VISION URL

      Optional resource on anatomy and physiology

      Minor correction -- The lacrimal apparatus is not only involved in tear production.  The lacrimal system consists of a secretory arm (the lacrimal glands) and a drainage pathway (from the puncta to the nasolacrimal ducts).

    • Guide to the Bedside Eye Exam URL

      Optional resource on the eye exam

      Notes:

      1. The basic or 5-point eye exam includes visual acuity testing, gross examination including pupil evaluation, motility testing, evaluation of intraocular pressure, and examination of the fundus.

      2. For estimating intraocular pressure through palpation, we don't ask patients to CLOSE their eyes.  This will trigger a reflex upgaze known as Bell's phenomenon; the corneas will then be positioned superiorly under the eyelids, where our fingers are supposed to palpate.  We ask the patients to LOOK DOWN so that we can safely press on the sclerae beneath the lids.

      3. RAPD can also be present when patients have extensive retinal pathology.

      4. During gross evaluation of ocular alignment, the corneal light reflex should be at the center of the pupil.

      5. During direct funduscopy, it is easier to start at 0 instead of +10.  Parts of the ophthalmoscope and their uses are discussed in the BASIC EYE EXAM lecture.

    • Evidence-Based Medicine Tools URL

      Optional resource for critical appraisal.

      This will help you choose literature that is pertinent to your cases.

  • Department Conferences

    You are required to attend 2 department conferences, 1 for each week of your rotation.  Ideally you should do this during your rotation, but if you have connectivity or scheduling problems, you may attend at any time during the academic year.

    If you wish to attend more than two, you are very welcome to do so.

    Conferences are held every Tuesday and/or Thursday. Schedules, topics, and links will be posted in the ANNOUNCEMENTS box and in the Telegram group of Liaison Officers.

    You must sign the attendance link during the conference.    

    This is a required but non-graded activity.  

    • Subspecialty Rounds

      The following subspecialty divisions hold online rounds or virtual clinics:

      1. Glaucoma (Glau)
      2. Neuro-ophthalmology (N-O)
      3. Uveitis 
      4. Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus (Mot)
      5. External Disease & Cornea (ED)
      6. Vitreoretina 
      7. Plastic-Lacrimal (PL)
      8. Orbit

      You must attend 6 subspecialty rounds/clinics, 3 for each week of your rotation.  As much as possible, please try to join the virtual sessions during your block's rotation week. This is to prevent "overcrowding", which can be counterproductive in the teaching-learning activity.

      Schedules and links will be announced in the Telegram group for liaison officers.

      Please take screenshots of the Zoom gallery (if with consent from your preceptor) or the participant list, send them to your Liaison Officer. 

      This is a required but non-graded activity.

      • Attendance Submission Assignment

        Instructions for the Liaison Officer:

        Please label the files as BLOCK_Division_Date. For example, 10A_PL_0915. Please upload in any of the following formats: 

        • PDF document .pdf
        • Word 2007 document .docx
        • Word document .doc
        • Image (JPEG) .jpeg
        • Image (JPEG) .jpg
        • Image (PNG) .png

        If there are multiple screenshots for a specific zoom session, kindly combine them in a word or pdf file, and label as described above.

    • Cataract Small Group Discussion (Phase 1)

      This exercise will focus on the management of cataracts, a leading cause of avoidable/reversible blindness in our country.

      You will have a scheduled synchronous small group discussion with a preceptor. Prior to your SGD, you must accomplish the following:

      1. Watch the video for EXTRACAPSULAR CATARACT EXTRACTION.
      2. Watch the video for PHACOEMULSIFICATION.
      3. Submit the CATARACT ASSIGNMENT by Wednesday, 5pm via the submission link below. The Cataract Assignment is an INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENT.

      This activity will be 10% of your final grade. Please refer to the grading criteria below:

        • Assignment Q1: identified 5 parts of the eye involved in cataract surgery, discussed their functions, and the surgical steps they are involved in = 15 points
        • AQ2: identified 3 correct preoperative measures and their rationale = 10 points
        • AQ3: identified 5 correct intraoperative measures and their rationale = 15 points
        • AQ4: identified 3 correct postoperative measures and their rationale = 10 points
        • AQ5: identified 3 reasons for the cataract burden in the Philippines, and discussed their impact on patients = 20 points
        • Participation in synchronous activity: gave sound input and raised informed questions during the discussion = 30 points
      • Cataract Patient Experience URL

        Optional resource

        This will help you understand the symptoms and the surgical experience from the patient's point of view.  It will also demonstrate how we can properly advise our patients and ease their apprehensions.

      • Cataract Assignment Submission

        Please answer the following questions:

        1. What parts of the eye are involved in the surgery? Discuss 5.
        2. What measures can be taken preoperatively in order to avoid surgical site infection? Discuss 3.
        3. What measures can be taken intraoperatively in order to avoid surgical site infection? Discuss 5.
        4. What measures can be taken postoperatively in order to avoid surgical site infection? Discuss 3.
        5. Why is cataract blindness common in the Philippines?  What factors hinder patients from receiving proper treatment? Discuss 3.

        Save your answers in a PDF or Word file, A4 size, Calibri font size 12, single-spaced, maximum of 2 pages please.

        Please save the file as BLOCK_Surname+First&MiddleInitials_Cat. For example, 10A_RancheFT_Cat. 

    • COME Project

      The purpose of this activity is to emphasize that our UPCM education is geared towards uplifting our community. Although much of ophthalmology may seem hospital- or clinic-based, there are many ways to promote and deliver eye care at the community level.

      Please identify an aspect of eye care that can be addressed with social media. This can be a common misconception about eye health, or a common disease that will benefit from early recognition, or even a rare disease that needs to be explained more in layman's terms.

      Please make

      1. A meme or short video (15 to 60 seconds) about it
      2. A 280-character caption
      3. A100-word explanation for the issue you chose and the way you approached it

      This is an INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENT.

      PLEASE DO NOT POST your work on social media before receiving our feedback.

      This activity will be 10% of your final grade. Please refer to the grading criteria below:'

        • Media output is easily comprehensible, with a clear message that is not prone to misinterpretation = 10 points
        • Caption is appropriate for the target audience, is written in respectful language, and provides a supporting message for the media output = 10 points
        • Information presented in media output and caption is accurate = 20 points
        • Media output and caption reflect creativity and originality = 30 points
        • Essay discusses the relevance of the topic = 10 points
        • Essay discusses the reasons for approaching the topic in the chosen manner = 20%
      • COME Project Submission Assignment

        Please label the media file (jpeg or mp4) as BLOCK_Surname+First&MiddleInitials_Media. For example, 10A_RancheFT_Media. 

        Please save the caption and explanation in Word or PDF, using Calibri font Size 12, single-spaced. Please use the label BLOCK_Surname+First&MiddleInitials_Media, same as the other file. 

    • Formative Quizzes & Activities

      These activities are optional. This section will be updated regularly throughout the academic year.

    • Face-to-face Activities for Phase 1

      For blocks allowed to go to the hospital during Phase 1, you will have 2 additional activities:

      1. OR Day - At the SOJR Operating Room, you will observe surgeries and practice direct funduscopy with task trainers. Please stay at the OR until all the surgeries are done; in the unlikely event that surgeries will extend beyond 5pm, you may leave the OR at 5pm.

      2. Ward Rounds - Please conduct a bedside interview and physical examination on your assigned patient, then write your SIC notes on RADISH. The bedside PE should include visual acuity with a near vision chart, gross exam, motility testing, and palpation tonometry. 

    • DOVS Teaching Videos for Phase 2

    • Summative Quizzes

      • Glaucoma Quiz
        Opened: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 10:00 AM
        Closed: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 3:00 PM
        Restricted Not available unless: You belong to 6A

        This quiz will be available on VLE for 5 hours only. You may refer to your notes. You may submit only once. Please do not transcribe, save or share this exam.

        Please review the UP statement on academic integrity below:

        As a student of the University of the Philippines, I pledge to act ethically and uphold the value of honor and excellence.

         I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments/examinations will be reported to the appropriate office and if established, will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University rules, policies and procedures. I may work with others only to the extent allowed by the Instructor.

        This quiz has 7 questions - 5 multiple choice questions, and 2 questions based on one case scenario (total of 10 points). Feedback will be given at the end of the semester.

      • Neuro-ophtha Quiz
        Opened: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 10:00 AM
        Closed: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 3:00 PM
        Restricted Not available unless: You belong to 6A

        This quiz will be available on VLE for 5 hours only. You may refer to your notes. You may submit only once. Please do not transcribe, save or share this exam.

        Please review the UP statement on academic integrity below:

        As a student of the University of the Philippines, I pledge to act ethically and uphold the value of honor and excellence.

         I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments/examinations will be reported to the appropriate office and if established, will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University rules, policies and procedures. I may work with others only to the extent allowed by the Instructor.

        This quiz has 10 multiple-choice questions (total of 10 points). Feedback will be given at the end of the semester.

      • ED-Cornea Quiz
        Opened: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 10:00 AM
        Closed: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 3:00 PM
        Restricted Not available unless: You belong to 6A

        This quiz will be available on VLE for 5 hours only. You may refer to your notes. You may submit only once. Please do not transcribe, save or share this exam.

        Please review the UP statement on academic integrity below:

        As a student of the University of the Philippines, I pledge to act ethically and uphold the value of honor and excellence.

         I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments/examinations will be reported to the appropriate office and if established, will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University rules, policies and procedures. I may work with others only to the extent allowed by the Instructor.

        This quiz has 10 multiple-choice questions (total of 10 points). Feedback will be given at the end of the semester.

      • Retina Quiz
        Opened: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 10:00 AM
        Closed: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 3:00 PM
        Restricted Not available unless: You belong to 6A

        This quiz will be available on VLE for 5 hours only. You may refer to your notes. You may submit only once. Please do not transcribe, save or share this exam.

        Please review the UP statement on academic integrity below:

        As a student of the University of the Philippines, I pledge to act ethically and uphold the value of honor and excellence.

         I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments/examinations will be reported to the appropriate office and if established, will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University rules, policies and procedures. I may work with others only to the extent allowed by the Instructor.

        This quiz has 10 multiple-choice questions (total of 10 points). Feedback will be given at the end of the semester.

      • ER Quiz
        Opened: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 10:00 AM
        Closed: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 3:00 PM
        Restricted Not available unless: You belong to 6A

        This quiz will be available on VLE for 5 hours only. You may refer to your notes. You may submit only once. Please do not transcribe, save or share this exam.

        Please review the UP statement on academic integrity below:

        As a student of the University of the Philippines, I pledge to act ethically and uphold the value of honor and excellence.

         I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments/examinations will be reported to the appropriate office and if established, will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University rules, policies and procedures. I may work with others only to the extent allowed by the Instructor.

        This quiz has 8 multiple-choice questions (total of 10 points). Feedback will be given at the end of the semester.

      • Pedia Ophtha & Motility Quiz
        Opened: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 10:00 AM
        Closed: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 3:00 PM
        Restricted Not available unless: You belong to 6A

        This quiz will be available on VLE for 5 hours only. You may refer to your notes. You may submit only once. Please do not transcribe, save or share this exam.

        Please review the UP statement on academic integrity below:

        As a student of the University of the Philippines, I pledge to act ethically and uphold the value of honor and excellence.

         I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments/examinations will be reported to the appropriate office and if established, will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University rules, policies and procedures. I may work with others only to the extent allowed by the Instructor.

        This quiz has 6 questions (total of 10 points). Feedback will be given at the end of the semester.

      • PL-Orbit Quiz
        Opened: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 10:00 AM
        Closed: Saturday, 4 June 2022, 3:00 PM
        Restricted Not available unless: You belong to 6A

        This quiz will be available on VLE for 5 hours only. You may refer to your notes. You may submit only once. Please do not transcribe, save or share this exam.

        Please review the UP statement on academic integrity below:

        As a student of the University of the Philippines, I pledge to act ethically and uphold the value of honor and excellence.

         I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments/examinations will be reported to the appropriate office and if established, will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University rules, policies and procedures. I may work with others only to the extent allowed by the Instructor.

        This quiz has 5 questions (total of 10 points). Feedback will be given at the end of the semester.

    • 12 November - 18 November