a. Ano-ano ang mga lapit (approach) sa konserbasyon ng kamanahang kultural?
There are various approaches for conserving cultural heritage amidst urbanization. First is the sustainable conservation approach which takes into consideration the fact that heritage is non-renewable in nature, thus preservation measures taken must be cost effective. Second is the landscape-based approach, which aims to minimize the impact of urban development on heritage sites. Another is the adaptive re-use which involves the use of currently existing built structures for purposes other than what they were originally intended for, as a way to conserve the architectural structure of the house while accomodating new services. Next is the old-and-new approach, which allows new infrastructures to be built next to old, structures, combining modern and historic buildings without fully replacing the latter. There is also urban regeneration (that is further classified to: reconstruction, rehabilitation, revitalization, and redevelopment) which focuses on reviving areas and structures affected by degeneration. And lastly, gentrification, which involves the process of renovating or redeveloping properties in the old parts of the city, eventually making the city better and attractive, at the cost of displacing its current low-income residents. While these approaches may be proven effective for certain situations, it all has flaws that can be minimized with more extensive research of the matter.
b. Sa tingin mo ba magagamit (applicable) ang Culture-Oriented Economic Development ni Van der Borg at Russo (2005) sa mga bansang bahagi ng Global South?
I do think the Culture-Oriented Economic Development by Van der Borg and Russo is applicable to the countries part of the Global South. This approach proves that cultural preservation and economic development can coexist and improve correlatively. Neither one has to be neglected for the other to progress. It emphasizes that developing cultural heritage can foster sustainable economic growth if preserved and used innovatively. This is especially beneficial for the underdeveloped economies of the countries in the Global South, who may have a rich cultural heritage but lack infrastructures and resources to promote it. Through this approach, these countries may opt to adaptively re-use their built heritage to serve purposes other than what they were intended for and potentially gain profit in doing so. This method may attract investments, boost tourism, and generate employments, all of which can contribute to a more sustainable economic growth. At the same time, promoting the cultural heritage can foster a strong cultural identity and national pride for the citizens of the country.