A.
The approaches on conserving cultural heritage mentioned in the paper are:
1. Landscape-based approach
- This integrates both urban development and heritage management and lessens the unfavorable impacts of socioeconomic development.
2. Adaptive re-use
- This approach utilizes built heritage and repurposes them in a way to continuously sustain its conservation while still preserving its structural integrity.
3. "Old-and-new" approach
- It involves the construction of new buildings and sites located around the old ones to regenerate its usage and develop further into their new endeavors.
4. Urban regeneration
- This approach collectively improves the physical, social, cultural, economic, and environmental features of an urban area through community response, such as stakeholders or other economic activities.
5. Gentrification
- In modern times, this is the process of high-income groups of people moving into the buildings and sites of a poor urban area to increase its value, but could potentially risk the cost of cultural heritage conservation.
B.
Personally, the Culture-Oriented Economic Development (COED) model by Van der Borg and Russo (2005) can be applicable to countries in the Global South, however it requires adaptation. The model makes use of cultural heritage as a tool for economic growth, attracting tourism and boosting local enterprises, which is relevant to regions rich in cultural heritage but often limited in resources. For the plan to be successful and effective, local governments should establish strong policy frameworks, incentivize private investment, and ensure local community involvement. This is to help avoid cases of mismanagement of cultural heritage conservation, similar to the area of Escolta, Manila.