N3 Anatomy and Physiology AY 2024-2025

1. Throwing a baseball overhead

     a. Deltoid 

1. 1. Action:  Abducts, flexes, and extends the arm at the shoulder joint

   2. Innervation:  Axillary nerve

     b. Pectoralis major

1. 1. Action:  Adducts and flexes the arm at the shoulder joint, and assists in medial rotation

   2. Innervation:  Medial and lateral pectoral nerves 

2. Kicking a ball

     a. Gluteus Maximus

1. 1. Action: Extends, externally rotates, and abducts the hip

   2. Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

     b. Quadriceps Femoris

1. 1. Action:  Extends the knee and stabilize knee joint

   2. Innervation:  Femoral nerve

3. Doing sit-ups

     a. Rectus Abdominis

              1.  Action: Flexes the vertebral column 

              2. Innervation: Lower six thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)

     b. External Obliques

3. 1. Action:  Trunk flexion, trunk lateral flexion, and trunk rotation

   2. Innervation:  Thoracic spiral nerves and subcostal nerve

4. Breathing

     a. Diaphragm

              1.  Action:  Contracts to expand the thoracic cavity 

              2. Innervation: Phrenic nerves

     b. External Intercostals 

4. 1. Action:  Elevate the ribs, expanding the thoracic cavity and assisting in inhalation

              2. Innervation: Intercostal nerves