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Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
Following the initial trauma, blood vessels on the affected area undergo vasodilation. Increased blood vessel permeability makes it possible for proteins to enter the injured tissue. White blood cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, migrate to the area and engage in phagocytosis to eliminate debris and damaged cells. As healing progresses, fibroblasts produce collagen and new blood vessels form. The tissue then continues to strengthen and improve its cellular organization.
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Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
The innate branch of the immune system is non-specific, it provides a general defense against various invaders rather than focusing on particular infections. Barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes serve as the first line of defense, which prevents the entry of pathogens. Pathogens are engulfed by natural killer cells and phagocytes, this process is known as phagocytosis. Inflammation is also a key component of innate immunity as it aids to recruit immune cells to the site of infection. It provides immediate defense against a variety of potential threats. Additionally, it is essential the development of adaptive immune response, which helps the body build long-term resistance to particular diseases.
References:
The Three Stages of Inflammation. (n.d.). Treloar Physiotherapy Clinic. https://www.treloarphysio.com/the-three-stages-of-inflamation/
Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune System Response. (2013, June 19). Hostos Library. https://guides.hostos.cuny.edu/bio140/6-24
What Is Innate Immunity. (n.d.). Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease. https://ciiid.washington.edu/content/what-innate-immunity
Mak, T., Saunders, M., & Jett, B. (2014). Chapter 3 - Innate Immunity. ScienceDirect. 55-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385245-8.00003-0