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Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
In an event in which a part of the body is traumatized, which occurs via the presence of pathogens, abrasions, distortion or disturbances of cells, chemical irritations and extreme temperatures, the process of inflammation is triggered. The process involves three of the following significant stages. First is vasodilation of arterioles, which is partnered with an increase in permeability of capillaries, caused by certain substances such as: histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and complements. Together, the ability of more blood flow as well as more defensive proteins to reach the traumatized site is achieved. Second is emigration, or the movement from blood into interstitial fluid of phagocytes. Here, leukocytosis occurs, which may eventually lead to the formation of pus. Third, and last, is tissue repair.
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Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Innate immunity comprises both physical and internal defenses also known as the first and second line of defenses of the body respectively. The first line of defense include the physical barriers of the body, such as skin and mucous membranes that prevent the entrance of microbes into the body in the first place via the presence of many layers of said barrier, such as the epidermis, or trapping, which is applicable to mucous-coated hairs in the nose, or even the secretion of substances that will inhibit the growth of or even kill microbes found in sebum and gastric juices. The second line of defense deals with antimicrobial substances in the blood that altogether discourage microbial growth, such as: interferons produced by infected lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, the complement system, iron binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins. It also includes natural killer cells and phagocytes to deal with microbes that bypass the antimicrobial substances. Inflammation and fever are also components that perform defensive responses to tissue damages and infections respectively.
References:
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of anatomy and physiology (15th ed.). Wiley.