1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
It is an intricate biological response that occurs when trauma, infection, or other harmful stimuli cause tissue damage. It serves as an innate defensive mechanism to shield the wounded area and initiate the healing process.
The Stages of inflammation
Vasodilation and Enhanced Oxygen Absorption:
Vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels around an injury, increases blood flow to the damaged location.
Proteins, fluid, and white blood cells—especially neutrophils—can enter wounded tissue through the bloodstream due to the blood vessel walls' enhanced permeability.
Phagocytosis:
Through a process known as phagocytosis, white blood cells—particularly neutrophils and macrophages—ingest and destroy pathogens, damaged cells, and foreign particles.
In doing so, debris is eliminated along with the cause of tissue damage.
Repairing Tissue:
In order to manage the inflammatory response and avoid undue tissue damage, anti-inflammatory signals and other mediators are helpful. Depending on the extent of the injury, tissue repair may entail the creation of scar tissue or the regeneration of injured cells.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
The first and second lines of protection make up the innate immunity. The skin and mucous membranes are the body's first line of protection. While the mucous membrane produces viscous mucus that traps or prevents bacteria or organisms from entering the body, the skin serves as a physical barrier against foreign objects. Conversely, the internal equivalent of innate immunity serves as the second line of protection. When the initial line of defense is breached, it depends on the antimicrobial compounds found in our bodies, phagocytes, killer cells, and, as was previously indicated, processes like inflammation to function as an internal defense system.