Activity 1

CAGUIOA, Aliyah Bianca C.

CAGUIOA, Aliyah Bianca C.

by Aliyah Bianca Caguioa -
Number of replies: 0

  1. The body's natural reaction to injury, infection, or tissue damage is inflammation.

    1. Injury: Damaged cells send signals in response to several forms of trauma, including heat, chemicals, infections, and physical harm.

    2. Vasodilation and enhanced permeability: Enhanced blood flow is made possible by the dilation of blood vessels close to the wounded area. The affected area becomes inflamed as a result. Furthermore, the walls of blood vessels become increasingly permeable, facilitating the passage of liquids, proteins, and white blood cells from the bloodstream into the tissue.

    3. Immune cell migration: To eliminate infections and debris and encourage healing, white blood cells, especially neutrophils and macrophages, migrate from the bloodstream to the site of damage or infection.

    4. Release of inflammatory mediators: At the site of injury, a variety of chemicals are produced, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and histamine. These increase blood flow and draw in additional immune cells, which help control the inflammatory response.

    5. Tissue healing and repair: In order to return to normal function, the body starts the process of tissue repair as soon as the harmful substances are neutralized and the debris is removed.

    6. Resolution: The inflammatory response lessens and the area reverts to its normal state as healing progresses.

  1. The body's initial line of defense against infections and other chemicals is innate immunity. When a threat arises, this non-specific immune response offers instant defense. This defense mechanism includes the skin and mucous membranes as physical barriers, as well as cellular and chemical elements like natural killer cells that target infected or abnormal cells, and a complement system that helps eliminate pathogens through a series of biochemical reactions, and phagocytes (like neutrophils and macrophages) that engulf and destroy pathogens. Although innate immunity cannot provide a lasting defense, it can quickly identify and neutralize a variety of threats, giving the adaptive immune system more time to develop a more focused and specific response.

 

References:

Pierce, A., & Pittet, J.-F. (2014). Inflammatory response to trauma: Implications for coagulation and resuscitation. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 27(2), 246–252. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000047

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. H. (2020). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (16th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Yu, H.-P., Chaudry, I. H., Choudhry, M. A., Hsing, C.-H., Liu, F.-C., & Xia, Z. (2015). Inflammatory Response to Traumatic Injury: Clinical and Animal Researches in Inflammation. Mediators of Inflammation, 2015, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/729637