1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized
Process of inflammation has three stages: vascular permeability, emigration of phagocytes, and repair of tissue
1st Stage: Vascular permeability
During this stage, vasodilation occurs due to contributors, namely, Histamine, Kinins, Prostaglandin, and leukotrienes. The widening of blood vessels increases blood flow in the damaged area to facilitate transportation and entry of antibodies and clotting factors in the injured area.
2nd Stage: Emigration of Phagocytes
As a result of blood accumulation, phagocytes migrate to the interstitial fluid. Neutrophils, which are present during the early stage of infection, adhere and pass through the endothelium of blood vessels to reach the affected area, initiating phagocytosis to eliminate foreign materials. Monocytes follow the Neutrophils and undergo cell death.
3rd Stage: Repair or Regeneration of Tissues
Neutrophils and Monocytes' death happens after a few days of reaction that will lead to the formation of pus, a thick, opaque, usually yellowish-white fluid matter made of dead, white blood cells that build up as part of the immune response. Following this, the process of tissue repair or regeneration begins.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body
Humoral Immunity mainly works against antigens in body fluids and handles the destruction of extracellular foreign microorganisms, such as bacteria in body fluids outside the cells. This type of immunity involves B cells that transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies or immunoglobulins. Antibodies prevent the attachment of some viruses to body cells by neutralizing antigens. Additionally, antibodies also inhibit microbes' motility, preventing spread through tissues. Furthermore, antibodies help complement the system through its activating complement function. Lastly is the ability to enhance phagocytosis, a significant factor in destroying foreign bodies that can initiate diseases.