1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
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- First, the neutrophils roll along the widened blood vessels to migrate to the area of inflammation. Then, by diapedesis, neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls to the sites of inflammation. Lastly, as neutrophils gather in the specific site of tissue injury (positive chemotaxis), they consume the foreign material present.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
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- Innate (nonspecific) immunity is like a first-aid kit as it responds immediately to protect the body against a variety of invaders. It has two types of defenders: surface membrane barriers (first line of defense) and cells and chemicals (second line of defense). The skin and mucous membranes defend the body against invasion of microorganisms. For instance, acidic skin secretions stop bacterial growth, mucus traps microorganisms, and the lysozyme in saliva and tears destroys bacteria. Meanwhile, the internal defenses include antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever. For example, the natural killer (NK) cells release chemicals, such as perforin and granzymes, that degrade target cell contents.