Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
In response to trauma or infection, the body naturally initiates inflammation. This process is driven by vasodilation and increased permeability, immune cell migration, and tissue repair mechanisms.
Cells release chemicals such as histamines, initiating vasodilation and increased permeability in blood vessels. White blood cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, capitalize on this heightened permeability to migrate swiftly to the location of injury or infection. Once at the site, these immune cells engulf and break down pathogens and damaged cells. The augmented blood flow ensures the delivery of essential nutrients and oxygen necessary for tissue repair and healing.
Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Humoral immunity is primarily mediated by antibodies. B cells recognize specific antigens when the body encounters a pathogen. Upon activation, B cells differentiate into plasma cells responsible for antibody production. These antibodies freely circulate throughout the bloodstream, where they bind to antigens, neutralizing or tagging them for elimination by other immune cells. The activation process also generates memory B cells, which contribute to long-term protection by retaining a memory of previous pathogen encounters. This memory facilitates a faster antibody response in subsequent encounters with the same pathogens.