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Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
First, blood vessels near the site of injury dilate allowing more blood into the area that has been traumatized. This causes redness and warmth in the inflamed area and allows proteins, immune cells, and fluid to move from the bloodstream to the tissue. Second, chemotaxis occurs. This is when cytokines and chemokines are released. These attract white blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. Third, phagocytosis occurs when neutrophils and macrophages engulf and digest foreign particles, dead cells, and other debris. This promotes tissue cleanup. Fourth, immune cells release chemical mediators and regulate inflammation by inhibiting or exciting these. Fifth, tissue repairs occur by the fibroblasts. Lastly, antiinflammatory signals resolve the whole response. The immune system lowers energy of activity and excess immune cells are removed from the tissue.
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Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Humoral immunity protects our body by adapting to the particular pathogens or foreign bodies that enter our body. This happens when the t cells release cytokines to activate b cells. The B cells produce specific antibodies for the antigen. They do this by differentiating into short-lived plasma cells to produce the antibodies.