- Initiation of exercise: This typically leads to an increase in respiratory rate and depth due to higher oxygen demand by muscles. This is triggered by the central nervous system detecting increased carbon dioxide levels and acidity in the blood, signaling the need for more oxygen.
- Moderate exercise: There is a continuation of increased respiratory rate and depth to meet elevated oxygen demands. As exercise intensity rises, so does the production of carbon dioxide, further stimulating the respiratory centers to maintain proper blood gas levels.
- Abrupt ascent into high altitudes: can result in respiratory difficulties due to lower oxygen availability. To compensate for reduced oxygen pressure, the body increases respiratory rate and depth to enhance oxygen intake and mitigate the effects of hypoxia.
- Paralysis of phrenic nerve: This can lead to respiratory difficulties, as this nerve controls the diaphragm, a crucial respiratory muscle. Without phrenic nerve function, the diaphragm cannot contract effectively, limiting air exchange and causing breathing problems.
- Severe anemia: This results in increased respiratory rate and depth to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues. Anemia reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, leading to compensatory hyperventilation to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation.
- Advanced pregnancy: Increased respiratory rate and depth occur to meet the higher oxygen demands of both the mother and the developing fetus. This is due to the growing fetus compressing the diaphragm and reducing lung volume, necessitating increased ventilation to maintain sufficient oxygen levels.
POST-LECTURE ACTIVITY: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
LEJANO
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