- Muscle: Deltoid
- Action: Lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint
- Innervation: Axillary nerve
- Muscle: Pectoralis major
- Action: As a whole, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder point; clavicular head flexes arm, and sternocostal head flexes the extended arm to side of trunk
- Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
- Muscle: Subscapularis
- Action: Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint
- Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerve
2. Kicking a ball
- Muscle: Rectus femoris
- Action: Extension of leg and flexes thigh at hip joint
- Innervation: Femoral nerve
- Muscle: Semitendinosus
- Action: Extends thigh at hip joint
- Innervation: Tibial nerve
- Muscle: Biceps femoris
- Action: Extends thigh at hip joint
- Innervation: Tibial and fubular nerves from sciatic nerve
- Muscle: Tranversus abdominis
- Action: Compresses abdomen
- Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve
- Muscle: Rectus abdominis
- Action: Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and compresses abdomen to aid in defacation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth. RMA: Flexes pelvis on the vertebral column
- Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12
- Muscle: Internal abdominal oblique
- Action: Acting together, compresses abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting stingly, laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column
- Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12, the iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve
- Muscle: Diaphragm
- Action: Contraction of diaphragm causes it to flatten and increase vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation of diaphragm causes it to move superiorly and decrease vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation
- Innervation: Phrenic nerve, which contains axons from cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5)
- Muscle: Internal intercostals
- Action: Contractions draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity during forced exhalation
- Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
- Muscle: External intercostals
- Action: Contraction elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation
- Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
Reference:
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc.