ACTIVITY 4

BARENQUE, Rayne Renzo J. - ACTIVITY 4

BARENQUE, Rayne Renzo J. - ACTIVITY 4

by Rayne Renzo Barenque -
Number of replies: 0

BELL'S PALSY

5 MUSCLES AFFECTED:

  1. Frontalis - Action: It is responsible for raising or elevating eyebrows
  2. Orbicularis oculi - Action: It is for blinking and closing eyes.
  3. Orbicularis oris - Action: It is for protruding and closing lips.
  4. Buccinator - Action: It causes the tightness of the cheeks and presses them against the teeth while chewing.
  5. Platysma - Action: It depresses the mandible and it draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly 

MECHANISMS OF MUSCLE WEAKNESS

  • Although the exact cause of Bell’s palsy is still unknown, there are different causes experts are proposing as the cause of Bell's palsy. Primarily, it is believed that this condition is caused by the swelling and inflammation of the facial nerve (CN VII) controlling one side of the face. Another reason is that it can also be caused by the reaction from a viral infection. This condition can cause muscle weakness on one affected side of the face. Muscle weakness, in general, can be due to decreased Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Without this calcium, troponin will not be activated, which is responsible for moving the tropomyosin to expose the myosin-binding sites on the actin filament. In addition, Bell’s palsy can result to flaccid paralysis, a neurological condition affecting the facial nerves, causing the lack of movement of face. 

OTHER SYMPTOMS 

  • Difficulty making facial expressions
  • Redness and irritation of eyes
  • Loss of feelings in the face
  • Headache
  • Reduced muscle tone (causing flaccidity)
  • Loss of the sense of taste
  • Tearing and saliva affected
  • Jaw pain, behind the ear on the affected area
  • Increased sound sensitivity to the affected area


REFERENCES:

  • Danette C Taylor, D. (2023, June 13). Bell Palsy. Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146903-overview#:~:text=The%20facial%20nerve%20passes%20through,%2C%20buccinator%2C%20and%20platysma%20muscles. 
  • Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022, May 4). Bell’s Palsy. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370028#:~:text=Bell’s%20palsy%20is%20a%20condition,the%20affected%20side%20resists%20closing. 
  • New York Facial Paralysis. (2021, March 26). Flaccid paralysis: New York, NY. https://www.newyorkfacialparalysis.com/blog/treatment-for-flaccid-paralysis/#:~:text=There%20are%20a%20number%20of,Simplex%20or%20Varicella%20Zoster%20virus. 
  • Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). The Muscular System . In Principles of anatomy and physiology (15th ed., pp. 357–413). essay, Wiley Custom Learning Solutions.
  • Westerblad, H., Place, N., & Yamada, T. (n.d.). Mechanisms of skeletal muscle weakness. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20824532/#:~:text=We%20will%20show%20that%20depending,cross%2Dbridges%20to%20generate%20force.